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The 36th Division Archive

Corporal Paul T. Foster
Division Reconnaissance Platoon, Headquarters Company,
401st Glider Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division


Paul Thurston Foster was born on March 23, 1919, in an area of Bullitt County, Kentucky, known as Belmont. After his birth father died a year later, his mother, Eliza Eva Martin, became Paul’s primary caregiver. Described as quite a “character” by a surviving family member, Eva went through many husbands throughout her life and took care of many children throughout, although Paul and his older sister, from a previous marriage, were her only biological, and consistent, ones. When his mother remarried a few years later, Paul joined her and his sister to leave behind their extended family in Belmont for a move into the bustling big city of Louisville. For several years he lived off 22nd Street, but, after another divorce, his mother bought a house on Portland Avenue which she decided to run as a boarding house. Here, she hosted primarily railroad workers who came through Louisville’s busy railyard. It was at this house Paul spent most of his childhood, watching and learning from a steady stream of unique characters, from both his mother’s work and the vibrant Portland neighborhood in which they found themselves.
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Paul left high school early and decided to join the workforce, likely to support his mother, and started out as a waiter. In July of 1940, however, he took up a better-paying job as a construction worker with Louisville Gas & Electric’s “Special Construction” division, responsible for building and maintaining many of the essential utility works around the city. Exactly a year later, Paul married Minnie Morton, a Louisville native who lived just down the street from him and his mother. They moved into another house on Portland Avenue and began a life together while the world descended into chaos. By the end of the year, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor and the United States was at war. Nevertheless, Paul kept up his work with LG&E and by the summer of 1942 learned that he was soon to become a father. His son was born that November but, less than three weeks later, he received notice that he was to be drafted into the U.S. Army. On December 9, 1942, Paul waved his budding family goodbye as officially joined the Army.

Paul's dress uniform

Paul's dress uniform


Paul's dress uniform
Upon completion of his basic training, Paul was selected for a new and experimental branch of the Army: the Airborne. More specifically, Paul was sent to Fort Bragg, North Carolina to join the 101st Airborne Division, a fairly new unit training men to drop or glide in enemy territory to fight behind enemy lines. While many of the men in the division enjoyed an extra $50 of pay per month to volunteer for such duty, Paul was not so fortunate. He was sent to the gliders. Unlike the paratroopers, glider men were mostly draftees conscripted into the airborne and, as a result, did not get the extra perks of the paratroopers, like extra pay, jump boots, and other “sexier” bonuses of airborne service. Paul specifically joined the Intelligence and Reconnaissance Platoon of HQ Company, 401st Glider Infantry Regiment. One of two glider regiments attached to the division, the other being the 327th, the 401st contained mostly draftees, married men, and fathers.
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As part of the I&R Platoon, Paul’s particular task was to work with around ten to twenty other men as a scouting and intelligence gathering element for the regimental headquarters. Like all other men in the regiment, his training was not in the parachute, but the glider. The U.S. Army used Waco CG-4 Gliders, engineless thirteen-man aircraft, which were towed behind C-47 transport planes and released via a cable that connected them. The gliders then slowly made their way to the ground until making a, characteristically rough, landing. Most of the 401st’s glider training at this time was done at nearby Lauringburg-Maxton Army Air Base where men like Paul got their first rides and familiarization with the craft that would carry them into battle. Accidents and injuries were common in the wood and fabric transports, but nevertheless the men of the regiment took up their specialized roles.
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In June of 1943 the 401st joined the rest of the division for the Tennessee Maneuvers, where, by the end of July, the 101st proved itself ready for combat overseas. In August the division moved to Camp Shanks, New York, and on September 4, 1943, Paul and the 401st boarded the S.S. Strathnaver on their way to Europe. The ship was a very old and rugged transport which, not long into their trip, ran into mechanical trouble. This caused the regiment to remain behind in Newfoundland while the rest of the division went on. It wasn’t until October 2 that they set off again after the S.S. John Ericsson arrived to revive the journey. The regiment arrived in Europe on the 18th, taking a train to Reading, England where they would settle into their long-term post at Brock Barracks. Around this time, Paul got news that his step-father passed away, leaving his mother alone back in Louisville, but he was too busy preparing for war in the rolling fields of England to do much about it. While most of the winter and early spring of 1944 was spent performing further glider and combat training, the glider troops also learned the fundamentals of amphibious assaults via landing craft. There was worry that whenever the inevitable invasion of France came, there would not be enough gliders to outfit both the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions. So the 401st prepared for both possibilities.

Paul and his cousin, Kathleen Raley Courtesy of Kyle Strauss

Paul and a friend, "Big John," back in Louisville Courtesy of Kyle Strauss


Paul and his cousin, Kathleen Raley Courtesy of Kyle Strauss
In mid-March of 1944, both Paul and the 401st Glider Infantry Regiment underwent major shifts in their assignments. While up until this point both the 101st and 82nd had two glider regiments, each containing two battalions of infantry, command believed this to be insufficient to the needs and cohesion of airborne divisions. Therefore, the 401st was split. The 2nd Battalion of the regiment went to the 82nd Airborne while the 1st Battalion and regimental headquarters remained with the 101st. Rather than stand alone, however, they were structured into the 327th Glider Infantry Regiment as its functional 3rd Battalion.
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Paul, meanwhile, became part of a very special unit: the 101st Airborne Division Reconnaissance Platoon. Organically, airborne divisions did not have divisional reconnaissance units as Army command believed they would be in combat for so little time that it was irrelevant. The division’s original commander, General William C. Lee, disagreed. He challenged Captain Thomas P. Wilder to create and lead a recon platoon for the division which would act as the functional eyes and ears of the 101st. Around thirty-five men made up the original platoon, several of whom had started out in the 82nd and transferred into the 101st upon formation. The Recon Platoon, although unofficial, traveled with the division to England and, upon arrival, split all of its men among the numerous glider units of the division for further specialized training. When the reorganization of the 401st occurred in March 1944, the Recon Platoon changed as well. Rather than remain a loosely independent and scattered unit, the platoon was brought into the regimental headquarters of the 401st. With the 401st being broken up, a regimental headquarters was no longer particularly necessary. Rather than split it apart, the division Recon Platoon transferred to fill its ranks. In addition, several men from the existing I&R Platoon of the 401st were melded into the Recon Platoon. Paul and other men of the platoon, such as John B. Moore, Rudolph Brabec, Earl Mills, Albert Boos, and several more, all became new members of the Recon Platoon to bolster its manpower with their identical skillsets in recon and intelligence gathering. With this addition, the Recon Platoon numbered forty-six men and comprised a large portion of the 401st regimental headquarters.
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After finding his place as a scout in Recon Platoon, Paul and the rest of the men were told that they would not be making the invasion of France in a glider, since there were not enough yet in England to go around. As a result, they took part in Operation Tiger, a mock amphibious assault, and prepped for an ever-impending attack on occupied Europe from the sea. By the third week of May, the platoon traveled down to Plymouth and marshalled in the suburb of Crownhill, where many members of the invasion force had gathered.On June 2, 1944, the Recon Platoon loaded up its men, ten Jeeps, and six motorcycles, aboard LST-50. The platoon shared the ship with a 90mm artillery unit, the divisional quartermaster company, and two companies of the 327th. By June 5, they sailed for France. That night, they watched as their comrades in the airborne element flew overhead in their armada of C-47s.


Recon men working on their jeeps. Courtesy of Thomas Raines

A list of Recon Platoon members transferring into the 401st in March 1944

On June 6, 1944, the invasion began. Around 0500 the ship anchored off the coast of Utah Beach, as Recon Platoon prepared to make their way to the French coast. Around 1240, unloading began at Tare Green Beach and within a few hours, the men were ready for action. The Recon Platoon organized according to its role, with each jeep taking on recon squads of four men and the rest taking the bikes. The jeeps of the platoon were outfitted with .30 or .50 caliber machine guns and intended to function as individual recon elements for whatever needs the division had. Paul was very likely one of those in the jeeps.
The platoon had been given specific orders from division headquarters for the invasion. Since most of the division had jumped just inland of Utah, Recon Platoon was tasked to assemble as quickly as possible in the Carentan Area to join the division headquarters and begin reconnaissance operations. Their purpose, beginning on D+1, was to learn the strength, composition, location, and disposition of enemy units within the division area as well as any potential crossing points along the Douve and Mederet Rivers and the Carentan Canal that might be used by German forces. To do so, they were told to recon the banks of the rivers and all along the boundary of the division sector, maintaining “constant observation and report[ing] all enemy movement and activity.” Later that evening, the platoon moved inland, reaching the division headquarters set up around Hiesville.
For the first few days of combat, the platoon engaged in its predetermined mission, reconnoitering around the large 101st sector while the paratroops tried to organize back into their proper units. Working independently and in largely enemy-held territory, the hazard of their mission became immediately apparent. On the platoon’s first day in action, June 7, they took their first casualty. Corporal Thomas E. Pugh bled out from a machine gun round that hit his leg. The very next day, they also lost Corporal Odie Dunn, who was killed when shrapnel from an artillery round hit his head. Both were immediate and tragic losses to the tiny platoon, now down to forty-four men, and characterized the extreme danger that the Recon Platoon’s job put them in.
On June 6, 1944, the invasion began. Around 0500 the ship anchored off the coast of Utah Beach, as Recon Platoon prepared to make their way to the French coast. Around 1240, unloading began at Tare Green Beach and within a few hours, the men were ready for action. The Recon Platoon organized according to its role, with each jeep taking on recon squads of four men and the rest taking the bikes. The jeeps of the platoon were outfitted with .30 or .50 caliber machine guns and intended to function as individual recon elements for whatever needs the division had. Paul was very likely one of those in the jeeps.
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The platoon had been given specific orders from division headquarters for the invasion. Since most of the division had jumped just inland of Utah, Recon Platoon was tasked to assemble as quickly as possible in the Carentan Area to join the division headquarters and begin reconnaissance operations. Their purpose, beginning on D+1, was to learn the strength, composition, location, and disposition of enemy units within the division area as well as any potential crossing points along the Douve and Mederet Rivers and the Carentan Canal that might be used by German forces. To do so, they were told to recon the banks of the rivers and all along the boundary of the division sector, maintaining “constant observation and report[ing] all enemy movement and activity.” Later that evening, the platoon moved inland, reaching the division headquarters set up around Hiesville.
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For the first few days of combat, the platoon engaged in its predetermined mission, reconnoitering around the large 101st sector while the paratroops tried to organize back into their proper units. Working independently and in largely enemy-held territory, the hazard of their mission became immediately apparent. On the platoon’s first day in action, June 7, they took their first casualty. Corporal Thomas E. Pugh bled out from a machine gun round that hit his leg. The very next day, they also lost Corporal Odie Dunn, who was killed when shrapnel from an artillery round hit his head. Both were immediate and tragic losses to the tiny platoon, now down to forty-four men, and characterized the extreme danger that the Recon Platoon’s job put them in.

A 401st GIR jeep in Carentan

Glider troops leaving the boats on Utah Beach

Operations on June 7, 1944

A 401st GIR jeep in Carentan
In the meantime, the division captured St. Come du Mont and began the assault into Carentan, which was defended by the 6th Fallschirmjager Regiment. Some Recon Platoon troops were recorded as supporting the charge of Lieutenant Colonel Robert Cole’s 3rd Battalion, 502nd Parachute Infantry Regiment, into the city, while others were with the 327th driving towards Carentan from the east. On June 12, Recon Platoon was attached to the 327th for a large-scale assault on the town. Along with five tank destroyers and the infantrymen of the 327th, who had also landed on Utah Beach, the Recon Platoon took part in a fast-moving attack down a highway to the east before swinging south to circumvent German forces outside of the city. Heavy artillery and small arms fire stalled the assault, and neither the machine guns of the Recon Platoon nor the cannons of the tank destroyers were able to do much to assist. Germans fought from brush to brush, hedgerow to hedgerow in pockets across the fields, causing the American troops to spend great time periodically working through them. Eventually, the 327th got distracted helping some nearby 29th Division GIs in Montmartin, but over the next few days slowly made its way back to Carentan.
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On June 15, Recon Platoon took yet another casualty when Corporal Albert Boos, one of Paul’s former I&R Platoon-mates, accidentally shot himself in the calf while cleaning his rifle, putting him out of the war. On the 17th, another member, Private Frank Just, suffered a severe contusion in action and was sent to the hospital. After this period, the 101st largely settled into a defensive posture as infantry troops from the beach took over the offensive. By mid July, Paul and the other survivors of the platoon returned to England with the 101st for a break and further training. While here, Paul was awarded his combat Infantry Badge, designating the start of his combat duty on June 6, 1944. Paul was also promoted to a Recon Squad Leader, meaning he would now oversee his own squad of men in one of the armed recon jeeps. Despite these well-earned recognitions, the break from action did not last long. The division began training for a new airborne operation in Holland: Market Garden.

101st Glider troops in Normandy

101st Glider troops in Normandy

101st Glider troops in Carentan

101st Glider troops in Normandy
Market Garden saw the 101st acting as one in a multi-link chain of Allied airborne forces holding open a long stretch of road and bridges extending the length of Holland. Hoping to open a path which would allow British forces to move quickly through the country, the 101st’s role was to drop, capture, and secure a stretch of terrain spanning the towns of Veghel, St. Oedenrode, Son, and Eindhoven. The Recon Platoon’s first orders were to push towards the small towns of Schijndel, Best, and Lieshout to determine the strength, composition, location, and disposition of German troops in the area while also seeking out information on any German troops that might enter the sector while retreating from other areas of the country. For this operation, Recon Platoon was finally given its opportunity to drop from the sky via glider. Paul and the men gathered at RAF Ramsbury Airfield in England, filling up fifteen gliders with twelve jeeps and thirty-four men to land in the first wave of gliders alongside the division headquarters and other special troops. Each jeep on this operation would be operated by squads of three, Paul commanding one, with the men riding in the seats of their jeeps while the gliders took them into battle.
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On the morning of September 17, Recon Platoon loaded their gliders and took off around 1355 as part of Serial A-30. Towed by experienced pilots of the 437th Troop Carrier Group, the flight of thirty aircraft took its first losses when two of the platoon’s gliders were forced down over England. While making its way over the English channel, Recon Platoon further suffered its first casualties of the operation. En route, one glider was released with no warning, making its way down to the ocean before crashing into the water. Although no one knows exactly what happened, it was suspected that the jeep’s chains had come loose and the glider became too unwieldy, forcing its pilot to emergency decouple it from the tow plane. In any case, the three recon men aboard, Corporal Chad B. Lewis, PFC Russell M. Pike, and T/5 Alonza R. Whitfield, were later found drowned by an RAF sea-rescue plane that arrived too late. This was likely an especially personal loss for Paul, as Corporal Lewis was the only other Kentuckian in Recon Platoon, hailing from the coalfields of Harlan County.
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The mission still did not go as planned for those who did make it to Holland. Anti-aircraft fire was heavy over the coast, and another recon man, Corporal Theodore Klann, was seriously wounded when shrapnel hit him through his seat. His abdominal wound proved so severe that he was thought dead until later that evening when a chaplain giving last rites saw his eyelids move. After detaching from their planes, three of the platoon’s gliders ended up deep in enemy territory, requiring the men to hide with locals and slowly work their way back to American lines. Only four of them were able while the rest were captured. The remaining nine gliders landed properly at Landing Zone W, near Son, although several of their jeeps were damaged in the process. Paul was most likely in this group of gliders. After the teams left their gliders, they quickly got to work on their reconnaissance while division headquarters and the rest began to gather and set up a division command post. During these initial patrols, Recon Platoon was one of the first to report that the bridge in Son had been destroyed, holding up their plans to go further south.

Believed to be a photo of Recon Platoon in front of a glider at Ramsbury

Glider troops at Ramsbury

An article about Klann's wound in his glider

Believed to be a photo of Recon Platoon in front of a glider at Ramsbury
On the second day, while patrols and scouting missions continued, Recon Platoon was given a special mission to escort several officers of the 1st Allied Airborne Army Headquarters towards Veghel and the northwest towns. The column set out from Son and made a wrong turn towards Best. A German machine gun greeted them, opening up on the column of seven jeeps, causing them to speed up and run into a small town which was full of more Germans. The jeeps, including at least two from Recon Platoon, split up and tried to escape the situation. Unfortunately, one of the Recon Platoon jeeps, driven by T/4 Paul Goswick, was hit by a German tank, mortally injuring yet another Recon man, T/5 Robert J. Boyle. Goswick and the other survivor, T/4 Elmer Weber, left the jeep and crawled back to safety under heavy fire. Despite a successful effort to go back and rescue Boyle later that afternoon, he died of his wounds later that night in the hospital. For those not involved in the incident and rescue, regular patrol and recon missions were the order of the day, with an additional escort mission on September 19, this time using their jeeps to protect General Maxwell Taylor, commander of the 101st Airborne, as he moved around the field.
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Proving their value for both intelligence-gathering and rapid response to special circumstances, on September 20 Recon Platoon was sent to patrol areas along the south side of the canal east of the highway into Son. At the same time, forces of the 107th Panzer Brigade attacked the city, with German troops and tanks coming down the bank of the Wilhelmina Canal and moving into a set of woods on the south bank near the Son bridge. General Taylor and division headquarters wanted to know where the German tanks were crossing to get near Son, so Recon Platoon was tasked with finding out. Captain Wilder led two squads going southeast out of Son across the canal bridge on a narrow road leading south. A mile out they found a British armored car trying to find a path for British tanks wanting to combat the German armor, and continued on alongside him. The convoy soon came across over 150 German soldiers crossing a road who did not realize the vehicles were Allied until they began doing a three point turn. Immediately, Wilder brought the jeeps back down the road and set up two machine gun nests in case the Germans sought to advance towards the town, staying in position for nearly two hours until infantry came to relieve them. Around this time, Wilder called back to headquarters and relayed his findings, and that he had spotted four German tanks on their way. Right then, German artillery began raining into division headquarters. Throughout the rest of the day, Recon Platoon, 1st Battalion of the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, some glider men of the 327th, and several special division troops all held a line against German heavy tanks and infantry, saving the southern end of the sector from being overrun.
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Recon Platoon continued its mission, running constant patrols up and down the sector as German forces continuously sought to break the chain of bridges and highways the 101st had secured. On the 23rd, Paul and the rest of Recon Platoon were sent up the central highway, now known as “Hell’s Highway,” for the intense fighting over its control, to contact British armored forces meant to help the division to the south. General Taylor described it as “a most hazardous trip through German-held territory,” in which Recon Platoon carried high level and extremely sensitive division maps up through Veghel and towards the Brits. Eventually, the platoon accomplished its mission, but the British they encountered proved less enthusiastic to act quickly, fearing any maneuver that might force them to leave the highway. Even so, Recon Platoon had done its duty and returned to headquarters that evening.

Photograph of Recon Platoon in Holland. Paul is believed in the back row as fourth from left or sixth from right. Courtesy of Thomas Raines

Gliders falling at Drop Zone W

Paul Goswick showing off one of the Recon jeeps later in the war Courtesy of Thomas Raines

Photograph of Recon Platoon in Holland. Paul is believed in the back row as fourth from left or sixth from right. Courtesy of Thomas Raines
The morning of September 24 was met with heavy fog and rain, with patrols and escort missions by Recon Platoon being run all day long. Early in the morning they discovered German troops to the south of Veghel and Erp withdrawing, and quickly learned the reason why. While elements of the 6th and 1st Fallschirmjager Regiment, as well as the Hermann Goering Regiment, began moving into the area west of Veghel, a large counterattack was made against the 501st just south of the city, blockading the central highway and cutting the division in two. Throughout the evening the Germans bolstered their defenses, placing self-propelled guns and tanks along the road and its flanks. With the well-trained and organized German paratroops holding the highway, the 101st focused all attention the next day on breaking the blockade. At 0830, the 506th attacked southward out of Veghel towards the German positions. A few companies of the 502nd sought to help from the west but most of the 502nd held St. Oedenrode, south of the roadblock, while the 327th stayed behind in Veghel.
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Recon Platoon was called upon to maintain communications between the divided division forces, going from the 502nd to 327th areas while the 506th and its supporting elements engaged in heavy fighting with the Fallschirmjager and their armored support. Paul participated on these missions, but was soon caught in the fray. While in the 506th’s sector, a German artillery round landed directly beside him, sending shrapnel and explosive concussion into his face, shoulder, and neck. His wounds were extremely severe, causing burns, bleeding, paralysis across his face, deafness, nerve damage, and trauma to his left eye. Medics from the 506th quickly evacuated him to an aid station, prioritizing him as severely wounded. Once he was brought to a field surgeon, an operation was undertaken to save Paul’s life. Unfortunately, the seriousness of the damage to the left side of his face required the surgeon to remove his left eye permanently.
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Once stable, Paul was moved to England for further intensive medical treatment. The 101st continued to hold its own, and after Paul’s injury was able to break the German hold on the highway. For Paul, however, this came at great personal cost. Once the wounds to his eye socket began to heal, he was given a glass eye which he wore for the rest of his life, and spent the next two months at English hospitals slowly recuperating. On December 6, 1944, he was shipped back to the United States for more specialized care, arriving home on Christmas Day. For many more months he remained at a hospital in Utah and on February 7, 1945, when it was clear he would never return, was officially removed from the active roster of Recon Platoon. Paul’s time in the 101st Airborne Division was at its end.

Glidermen in Holland

The September 25, 1944, assault in which Paul was severely wounded.

Map of division operations a week into Market Garden

Glidermen in Holland
While Paul’s platoon and the rest of the 101st went on to continue making a name for themselves at places like Bastogne and Haguenau, he remained in a hospital bed. It was there that he first heard news of the final victory in Europe, and the end of the war which had cost him so much. By June of 1945 he was well enough to travel back to Louisville and visit his family, even taking time to go and pay a special visit to his old work buddies at LG&E, who were all extremely grateful to see him once again. Paul was not totally healed, however, and was moved to Dibble General Hospital in Menlo Park, California for the rest of the year. In fact, it was not until January 28, 1946, that Paul was officially declared well enough to leave the hospital and the United States Army. At the time of his discharge, he had spent 489 days in the hospital healing from the wounds he received that bloody day alongside Hell’s Highway in Holland.
Paul returned to Louisville and settled with his wife and young son, albeit with one less eye, scarring, and disfigurement across the left side of his face. He was not one to let this get the best of him, however, and soon returned to his work at LG&E while fathering a daughter not long after. Unfortunately, the scars of war ran deeper than Paul’s face. In 1949 his wife divorced him, taking his two kids with her. Only a few months later he was involved in a bar fight, allegedly calling a man “abusive names,” after which the patron proceeded to hit Paul over the head with a stick, sending him to Baptist Hospital. One other man was even stabbed in the scuffle. It was likely that Paul suffered from PTSD and personal derision as a result of his combat experiences and injuries, and thus struggled these early years after the war.​

An issue of the LG&E company newsletter, the "Synchronizer," discussing a visit from Paul in 1945. Courtesy of Louisville Gas & Electric Company

1949 Courier Journal article about the bar fight.

Announcement of Paul's wound in the Courier Journal

An issue of the LG&E company newsletter, the "Synchronizer," discussing a visit from Paul in 1945. Courtesy of Louisville Gas & Electric Company
Eventually, Paul did find solace and community. He first remarried, even though this second marriage only lasted until 1961. His children also continued to visit him as they grew. Finally, he became closer with other relatives on his mother’s side of the family, in particular, the husband of his cousin, George Strauss. Strauss had also served in the war and the two both went into construction together, Paul as a surveyor, for Breslin Construction Company. Paul, however, later decided to go out on his own by starting an independent surveying business, Paul T. Foster & Associates, which he ran until his death. Paul and George also found connection in local social groups, such as membership in the Dixie American Legion Post 220 and Lewis Masonic Lodge 191. George’s daughter described Paul as “generous and kind and known for being exceptionally smart.” He kept a tidy home and often let visiting kids play with his engineering instruments. Despite the difficulties he faced throughout the 1940s, Paul did not give up on living a full life.
On May 20, 1979, while driving along Ralph Avenue, Paul swerved off the road and struck a utility pole, killing him at the age of 60. He was survived by his son, daughter, and a grandchild, and was buried at Resthaven Memorial Cemetery in Louisville. He left behind a lifetime of service to his community and his country. Whether it be the many years he spent toiling to improve his city, or answering his country’s call with months of physical, mental, and emotional sacrifice made in the fields of Europe, Paul Foster truly exhibited what it meant to be a citizen soldier, and a proud Kentucky veteran of the 101st Airborne Division.

Paul's final resting place, and the uniform which signifies his service to our nation

Paul's obituary

Paul's burial card

Paul's final resting place, and the uniform which signifies his service to our nation
Source Material:
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-Kyle Strauss and her family records of Paul and relatives
-Thomas Raines and the family records of his grandfather
-Louisville Gas & Electric Company Records
-Original Unit and Personnel Records
-Various Newspaper Sources
-Hell's Highway: A Chronicle of the 101st Airborne in the Holland Campaign, George Koskimaki
-D-Day with the Screaming Eagles, George Koskimaki
-Records of George Koskimaki, U.S. Army Heritage Center
-Rendezvous with Destiny: A History of the 101st Airborne Division, Arthur Northwood and Leonard Rapport
-The 101st Airborne at Normandy, Mark Bando
-101st Airborne: The Screaming Eagles in World War II, Mark Bando
-The 101st Airborne: From Holland to Hitler's Eagle's Nest, Mark Bando
-Epic of the 101st Airborne: Pictorial Biography of the United States 101st Airborne Division